Dry Eye Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Dry Eye Syndrome (DES) is a common eye condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It occurs when your eyes don’t produce enough tears or when the tears evaporate too quickly, leading to discomfort and even vision issues. Understanding the causes, recognizing the symptoms, and knowing your treatment options can help you manage this condition effectively. At Warren Optometric Clinic, we are here to guide you through every step of managing dry eye syndrome to improve your eye health and comfort.
 

What Causes Dry Eye Syndrome?

Dry eye syndrome can result from various factors, with causes differing from one individual to another. Age plays a significant role; as we grow older, our tear production naturally diminishes, making dry eyes more prevalent in older adults. Hormonal changes, particularly in women, are another common cause, making the eyes more vulnerable to dryness.
 

Environmental factors also contribute to dry eye syndrome. Exposure to wind, smoke, dry air, or prolonged periods spent in front of screens can increase tear evaporation, intensifying dry eye symptoms. Additionally, certain medical conditions, such as autoimmune diseases like Sjögren’s syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes, are known to reduce tear production and heighten the risk of developing dry eye.
 

Various medications can also play a role. Some medications, including antihistamines, decongestants, blood pressure medications, and antidepressants, list reduced tear production as a side effect, which can lead to or worsen dry eye symptoms. Prolonged contact lens wear may further impact tear production, often aggravating dry eye symptoms over time.
 

Finally, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), where the glands in the eyelids become blocked, prevents the release of necessary oils to maintain a stable tear film, causing tears to evaporate more quickly and exacerbating dryness.
 

Recognizing the Symptoms of Dry Eye

Dry eye symptoms can range from mild discomfort to severe irritation and even blurred vision. Common symptoms include:
 

•           Itchiness and Redness: Dry eyes can cause persistent itchiness and a red or inflamed appearance.

•           A Gritty or Sandy Feeling: Many people with dry eye syndrome describe a sensation of something "stuck" in their eye.

•           Burning Sensation: You may feel a stinging or burning sensation in your eyes, especially after prolonged reading or screen time.

•           Sensitivity to Light: Light sensitivity, also known as photophobia, can make daily activities difficult and uncomfortable.

•           Blurry Vision: Blurred vision or difficulty focusing can occur, often exacerbated by prolonged tasks requiring visual attention.
 

Treatment Options for Dry Eye Syndrome

Treatment for dry eye syndrome focuses on restoring the tear film, managing symptoms, and addressing underlying causes. Here are some of the options available:
 

•        Artificial Tears and Lubricating Eye Drops: Over-the-counter artificial tears provide temporary relief for mild cases. There are also preservative-free options for sensitive eyes or frequent use.

•        Prescription Eye Drops: If over-the-counter solutions are insufficient, prescription eye drops may help reduce inflammation and increase tear production.

•        Punctal Plugs: For those with persistent dry eye, punctal plugs can be inserted into the tear ducts to slow tear drainage, helping to keep eyes moist for longer periods.

•        Lid Hygiene and Warm Compresses: Proper eyelid hygiene can improve symptoms, especially if you have meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Warm compresses can help unclog glands and improve the quality of the tear film.

•        Omega-3 Supplements: Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties that can improve the quality of tear film. Adding an omega-3 supplement to your diet may help alleviate symptoms over time.

•        Environmental Adjustments: Reducing screen time, using a humidifier, and wearing sunglasses outdoors can protect your eyes from dryness triggers. Practicing the 20-20-20 rule (taking a 20-second break every 20 minutes to look at something 20 feet away) can help relieve eye strain.
 

How Warren Optometric Clinic Can Help

At Warren Optometric Clinic, we are committed to providing comprehensive care for dry eye syndrome. From a thorough assessment to advanced treatment options, we are here to support your eye health.
 

If you’re experiencing dry eye symptoms, schedule a consultation with Warren Optometric Clinic for personalized treatment options. Visit our office in Warren, Michigan, or call (586) 300-5700 to book an appointment today.